Enrofloxacina de rápida ação associada ao tratamento com eletrólitos orais e reposição energética no tratamento de broncopneumonia neonatal em bezerros Holandeses / Fast action enrofloxacin associated with support treatment with oral electrolyte and energy replacement in the treatment of neonatal bronchopneumonia in Holstein calves

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar estratégias terapêuticas para o tratamento de infecções broncopulmonares, utilizando a enrofloxacina de ação rápida e sua associação com suporte e fluidoterapia endovenosa ou suporte e solução oral energética e eletrolítica, por meio da mensuração de parâmetros clínicos, hematológicos, bioquímicos e desenvolvimento corporal de neonatos bovinos. Foram utilizadas 35 bezerras da raça Holandesa, monitoradas desde o nascimento até a sexta semana de vida, divididas aleatoriamente nos grupos: grupo CONTROLE; grupo antibiótico; grupo antibiótico + suporte + fluidoterapia endovenosa; grupo antibiótico + suporte + solução oral; e grupo SUPORTE. Os parâmetros zootécnicos foram avaliados do nascimento até a sexta semana de vida, e os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos foram avaliados zero, 24, 72 e 120 horas após diagnóstico da broncopneumonia. Os animais do grupo antibiótico + suporte + solução oral apresentaram menores níveis de eosinófilos e maiores níveis de neutrófilos segmentados em comparação aos animais dos demais grupos. Não houve diferença nos parâmetros zootécnicos avaliados. Neste estudo, o tratamento com antibiótico e solução oral ofereceu aos animais melhor aporte para combater a broncopneumonia, favorecendo o organismo a desenvolver uma resposta imune efetiva diante da infecção.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate therapeutic strategies for treatment of bronchopulmonary infections using fast-acting enrofloxacin and its association with support and endovenous fluid or support and oral energy and electrolytic solution, by measuring clinical, hematological, biochemical and development parameters of bovine neonates. Thirty-five Holstein calves, monitored from birth to six weeks of age, were randomly divided into five groups: control group; antibiotic group; antibiotic group + support + intravenous fluid therapy; antibiotic group + support + oral solution; and support group. The performance parameters were evaluated from birth to the 6th week of age and hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated 0, 24, 72 and 120 hours after diagnosis of bronchopneumonia. Calves of the antibiotic group + support + oral solution group presented lower levels of eosinophils and higher levels of segmented neutrophils compared to the other groups. There was no difference in performance parameters evaluated. In this study, the treatment with antibiotic and oral solution offered the animals had a better contribution to treat bronchopneumonia, favoring the organism to develop an effective immune response to that infection.(AU)

Liver Donations and Transplants in the State of Paraná, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The increase in the waiting list for a liver and the high mortality rate of patients with terminal liver disease represent serious public health problems in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To analyze donations and liver transplants in the State of Paraná, Brazil. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out with data from 3931 reports of deaths due to brain death and 8146 solid organ transplants made available by the State Transplant System of Paraná between 2011 and 2016. The data related to donation and liver transplantation were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inference. RESULTS: A total of 751 (28.9%) liver donations were carried out. Of these, the greatest chance of effectiveness occurred in patients younger than 50 years OR: 1.94 (CI: 1.60-2.34; P < .01) and male OR: 1.27 (CI: 1.06-1.52; P < .01). A total of 720 (8.8%) liver transplants were performed, most of which were funded by the Unified Health System. There was a significant increase in donations and liver transplants over the years. CONCLUSION: Donor numbers and liver transplants increased in the State but did not meet the need for the waiting list within the analyzed period.

Cortisol profile and clinical evaluation of canine neonates exposed antenatally to maternal corticosteroid treatment.

The effects of glucocorticoids on both foetal canine lung and endogenous serum cortisol concentration have not been clearly delineated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether maternal corticosteroid treatment can alter maternal and neonatal cortisol profile and improve neonatal vitality. We allocated six bitches of different breeds and their neonates into two groups: control group (CONT)--maternal administration of saline solution at 55 days post-ovulation (n = 3); and betamethasone group (BETA)--administration of a single dose of 0.5 mg/kg betamethasone (Celestone Soluspan(®) ) at 55 days post-ovulation (n = 3). Caesarean sections were scheduled for day 63 after ovulation. However, BETA group dams showed precocious signs of labour, and c-sections were performed at 58 days post-ovulation. Maternal and neonatal evaluations were performed periodically between betamethasone administration and birth, respectively. Neonates from both groups presented unsatisfactory (<5) Apgar score at birth. However, in spite of an earlier improvement on vitality found on CONT group and the premature delivery on BETA group, both groups showed acceptable Apgar score 120 min after birth. Neonatal cortisol concentrations were higher on CONT group compared to BETA group at birth. In addition, a gradual decrease on maternal cortisol concentrations was observed in the BETA group from treatment until parturition. These findings suggest that despite the down-regulation on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the induction of premature delivery, betamethasone treatment was able to provide similar vitality when compared to the untreated neonates born at term.